Boxplot Demo

Example boxplot code

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)

# fake up some data
spread = np.random.rand(50) * 100
center = np.ones(25) * 50
flier_high = np.random.rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = np.random.rand(10) * -100
data = np.concatenate((spread, center, flier_high, flier_low))

fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.set_title('Basic Plot')
ax1.boxplot(data)

Out:

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd41e5c0>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd41c4f0>], 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd41e650>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd41f400>], 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd41e290>], 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce080910>], 'fliers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce0836a0>], 'means': []}

fig2, ax2 = plt.subplots()
ax2.set_title('Notched boxes')
ax2.boxplot(data, notch=True)

Out:

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce033b50>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce0329b0>], 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce033b20>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce033d00>], 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce033fd0>], 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce0311e0>], 'fliers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fce030ee0>], 'means': []}

green_diamond = dict(markerfacecolor='g', marker='D')
fig3, ax3 = plt.subplots()
ax3.set_title('Changed Outlier Symbols')
ax3.boxplot(data, flierprops=green_diamond)

Out:

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcdccf4c0>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd47c280>], 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd47e080>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd47cf10>], 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcdcced70>], 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd47e920>], 'fliers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd47c4f0>], 'means': []}

fig4, ax4 = plt.subplots()
ax4.set_title('Hide Outlier Points')
ax4.boxplot(data, showfliers=False)

Out:

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd4682e0>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd4687c0>], 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd46a560>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd468ac0>], 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd468a00>], 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcde1edd0>], 'fliers': [], 'means': []}

red_square = dict(markerfacecolor='r', marker='s')
fig5, ax5 = plt.subplots()
ax5.set_title('Horizontal Boxes')
ax5.boxplot(data, vert=False, flierprops=red_square)

Out:

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd48ab90>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd4883d0>], 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd488880>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd489930>], 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd488700>], 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd4895a0>], 'fliers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd48a1d0>], 'means': []}

fig6, ax6 = plt.subplots()
ax6.set_title('Shorter Whisker Length')
ax6.boxplot(data, flierprops=red_square, vert=False, whis=0.75)

Out:

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd481570>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd483340>], 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd480a30>, <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd482a10>], 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd4824a0>], 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcd482da0>], 'fliers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x7f3fcdd5e1d0>], 'means': []}

Fake up some more data

spread = np.random.rand(50) * 100
center = np.ones(25) * 40
flier_high = np.random.rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = np.random.rand(10) * -100
d2 = np.concatenate((spread, center, flier_high, flier_low))

Making a 2-D array only works if all the columns are the same length. If they are not, then use a list instead. This is actually more efficient because boxplot converts a 2-D array into a list of vectors internally anyway.

data = [data, d2, d2[::2]]
fig7, ax7 = plt.subplots()
ax7.set_title('Multiple Samples with Different sizes')
ax7.boxplot(data)

plt.show()

References

The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown in this example:

• matplotlib.axes.Axes.boxplot / matplotlib.pyplot.boxplot